Chimpanzee Research and Conservation at the Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda

Articles on Dry Habitat Chimpanzees

Bogart, S. L. and J. D. Pruetz (2008). Ecological context of savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) termite fishing at Fongoli, Senegal. American Journal of Primatology 70(6): 605-612.

Bogart, S. L. and J. D. Pruetz (2009). Savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) feeding ecology at Fongoli, Senegal.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology:  Suppl. 48:  95.

Bogart, S. L. and J. D. Pruetz (2011). Insectivory of Savanna Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal. American Journal of Physical Anthropology  145(1): 11-20.

Carlson, K.J., D.M. Doran-Sheehy, K.D. Hunt, T. Nishida, A. Yamanaka, and C. Boesch.  (2006)  Locomotor behavior and long bone morphology in individual free-ranging chimpanzees.  Journal of Human Evolution.  50 (4): 394-404.

Clapp, A. and J. Pruetz (2004). Chimpanzees and humans: The role of spatial analysis in primate conservation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology: Suppl. 38: 75.

Collins, D A and McGrew, W C  (1988)  Habitats of three groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in western Tanzania compared.  J. Hum. Evol. 17:553-574.

Copeland, S. R. (2009). Potential hominin plant foods in northern Tanzania: semi-arid savannas versus savanna chimpanzee sites. Journal of Human Evolution 57(4): 365-378.

Furuichi, T. (2009).  Factors underlying party size differences between chimpanzees and bonobos: a review and hypotheses for future study.  Primates 50(3): 197-209.

Gaspersic, M. and J. D. Pruetz (2008). Savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and baobab fruits (Adansonia digitata): Investigation of percussive technology among three chimpanzee communities in southeastern Senegal. Folia Primatologica 79(5): 332-333.

Haslam, M., A. Hernandez-Aguilar, et al. (2009). Primate archaeology. Nature 460(7253): 339-344.

Hernandez-Aguilar, R. A. (2009). Chimpanzee nest distribution and site reuse in a dry habitat: implications for early hominin ranging. Journal of Human Evolution 57(4): 350-364.

Hernandez-Aguilar, R. A., J. Moore, et al. (2007). Savanna chimpanzees use tools to harvest the underground storage organs of plants.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104(49): 19210-19213.

Hunt, K. D. and W. C. McGrew (2002).  Chimpanzees in the dry habitats of Assirik, Senegal and Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda.  In:  Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos, C. Boesch, G. Hohmann and L.F. Marchant (eds.)  Cambridge University Press, pp. 35-51.

Hunt, K. D., A. J. M. Cleminson, et al. (1999). A partly habituated community of dry-habitat chimpanzees in the Semliki Valley Wildlife Reserve, Uganda. American Journal of Physical Anthropology  Suppl 28: 157.

Hunt, K.D.  (2000).   Some preliminary observations of a dry-habitat chimpanzee community in the Semliki-Toro Wildlife Reserve, Uganda.  Abstracts of the  Behavioral Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos Conference, p. 14.

Hunt, K.D.  (2000).  Initiation of a new chimpanzee study site at Semliki-Toro Wildlife Reserve, Uganda.  PanAfrica News.  7 (2): 14-16.

Hunt, K.D.  (2004).   The cognitive demands of great ape locomotion and posture.  Folia Primatologica (Abstracts of the XX Congress of the International  Primatological Society). 75: 281.

Hunt, K.D., A.J.M. Cleminson, J. Latham, R.I. Weiss and S. Grimmond.  (1999).  A partly habituated community of dry-habitat chimpanzees in the Semliki Valley Wildlife Reserve, Uganda.   Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.  Suppl. 28: 157.

Izawa, K. (1970).  Unit groups of chimpanzees and their nomadism in the savanna woodland. Primates 11(1): 1-46.

Kano, T. (1972). Distribution and adaptation of the chimpanzee on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika. Kyoto Univ Afr Stud 7: 37-129.

Kawabe, M. (1966). One observed case of hunting behaviour among wild chimpanzees living in the savanna woodland of western Tanzania. Primates 7: 393-396.

Kortlandt, A. (1983).  Marginal habitats of chimpanzees. J. Hum. Evol. 12:231-78.

Langergraber, K. E., H. Siedel, J.C. Mitani, R.W. Wrangham, V. Reynolds, K.D. Hunt and L. Vigilant. (2007).  The Genetic Signature of Sex-Biased Migration in Patrilocal Chimpanzees and Humans.  Plos One 2(10).

Lindshield, S. M. and M. D. Ervin (2009). SPATIAL FEATURES OF SAVANNA-WOODLAND LANDSCAPES IMPACT CHIMPANZEE DISTRIBUTION. American Journal of Primatology 71: 43-43.

Marchant, L. F., W. C. McGrew, et al. (2008). Thermoregulatory selection pressures and savanna chimpanzees: climatological data from Assirik, Senegal. American Journal of Physical Anthropology:  Suppl. 48: 148.

Marchant, L. F., W. C. McGrew, et al. (2009). Well-digging by Semliki chimpanzees: new data. American Journal of Physical Anthropology.  Suppl. 48: 183.

Marchant, L.F., T.H. Webster, W.C. McGrew, C.L.R. Payne, and K.D. Hunt.  (2010).   Chimpanzee insectivory detected: Resource availability, monitoring and consumption.  Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.  Suppl. 50:162-163.

Marchant, L.F., W.C. McGrew, and K.D. Hunt.  (2007).  Ethoarchaeology of manual laterality: well-digging by wild chimpanzees. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.  Suppl. 44: 163.

Matsuzawa, T., G. Ohashi, et al. (2011). Green Corridor Project: Planting Trees in the Savanna Between Bossou and Nimba. In:  Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba, T. H. T. S. Y. Matsuzawa (Ed.)  Pp 361-370.

McGrew, W. C. (2007). Savanna chimpanzees dig for food. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104(49): 19167-19168.

McGrew, W. C. (2010). In search of the last common ancestor: new findings on wild chimpanzees. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 365(1556): 3267-3276.

McGrew, W. C., L. F. Marchant, and K. D. Hunt. (2007).  Etho-archaeology of manual laterality: Well digging by wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica 78(4): 240-244.

McGrew, W. C., L. F. Marchant, C. Payne, T. Webster & K.D. Hunt. (2010). Chimpanzees at Semliki Ignore Oil Palms. Pan Africa News 17(2): 19-21.

McGrew, W. C., P. J. Baldwin, et al. (1981). Chimpandees in a hot, dry and open habitat: Mt. Assirik, Senegal, West Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 10(3): 227-&.

McGrew, W. C., P. J. Baldwin, et al. (1988).  Diet of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Mt. Assirik, Senegal.  1:  Composition.  American Journal of Primatology 16(3): 213-226.

McGrew, W. C., P. J. Baldwin, et al. (2003). Ethoarchaeology and elementary technology of unhabituated wild chimpanzees at Assirik, Senegal, west Africa. Paleoanthropology 1: 1-20.

McGrew, W.C. and K.D. Hunt.  You Got to Know How to Fold’em:  Biassed  Wadge-Folding in Wild Chimpanzees.  Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.  Suppl. 48: 188.

McGrew, W.C., Baldwin, P.J. & Tutin, C.E.G. (1981) Chimpanzees in a hot, dry and open habitat: Mt. Assirik, Senegal, West Africa.  Journal of Human Evolution, 10: 227-244.

McGrew, W.C., P. J. Baldwin, and C.E.G. Tutin  (1982).  Observations preliminaires sur les chimpanzes (Pan troglodytes verus) du Park National du Niolola-Koba. Memoires de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, 92: 333-340.

McGrew, W.C., M.J. Sharman, P.J. Baldwin, C.E.G. Tutin. (1982).  On early hominid plant food niches.  Curr. Anthropol.  23:213-214.

McGrew, W.C., Tutin, C.E.G., and Baldwin, P.J.  (1979). New data on meat eating by wild chimpanzees. Curr. Anthrop. 20:238-39.

McGrew, W.C., Tutin, C.E.G., Baldwin, P.J. (1978) Chimpanzees, tools and termites: Cross-cultural comparisons of Senegal, Tanzania and Rio Muni. Man, 14: 185-214.

McGrew, W.C., Tutin, C.E.G., Baldwin, P.J., Sharman, M.J., & Whiten, A. (1978) Primates preying upon vertebrates: New records form West Africa (Pan troglodytes verus, Papio papio, Cercopithecus sabaeus). Carnivore, 1: 41-45.

McGrew, W.C., Tutin, C.E.G., Collins, D.A. & File, S.K. (1989).  Intestinal parasites of sympatric Pan troglodytes and Papio spp. at two sites: Gombe (Tanzania) and Mt. Assirik (Senegal). American Journal of Primatology, 17, 147- 155

Moore, J.  (1986).  Arid country chimpanzees. AnthroQuest. 36: 8-10.Moore, J. (1992).  "Savanna" chimpanzees.IN Nishida, T., McGrew, W. C., Marler, P., Pickford, M. & de Waal, F. B. M. (Ed.), Topics in Primatology, Vol. I: Human Origins. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, pp. 99-118

Moore, J.  (1994). Plants of the Tongwe East Forest Reserve (Ugalla), Tanzania. Tropics. 3: 333-340.

Moore, J.  (1996).Savanna chimpanzees, referential models and the last common ancestor. pp. 275-292 IN McGrew, W. C., Marchant, L. & Nishida, T. (Ed.), Great Ape Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Moore, J. (1985). Chimpanzee survey in Mali, West Africa. Primate Conservation. 6: 59-63.

Ogawa, H., G. i. Idani, et al. (1999). Chimpanzee habitat in the savanna woodland, Ugalla, Tanzania. Primate Research 15(2): 135-146.

Ogawa, H., G. Idani, et al. (2007). Sleeping parties and nest distribution of chimpanzees in the savanna woodland,  Ugalla, Tanzania.  International Journal of Primatology 28(6): 1397-1412.

Ogawa, H., J. Moore, et al. (2006). Chimpanzees in the Ntakata and Kakungu areas, Tanzania. Primate Conservation 21: 97-101.

Patrick, R. R., D. Patrick and K.D. Hunt.  (2010)  Long term changes at the Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve.  In:Long Term changes in Africa’s Rift Valley: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem, A.J. Plumptre (ed.)  NOVA Science Publishers.

Payne, C. L. R., T. H. Webster, and K.D. Hunt. (2008). Coprophagy by the semi-habituated chimpanzees of Semliki, Uganda. Pan Africa News 15(2): 29-32.

Peters, C. R. (1987).  Nut-like oil seeds:  Food for monkeys, chimpanzees, humans and probably ape-men.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology 73(3): 333-363.

Piel, A. K. and J. M. Moore (2007). Locating elusive animals: Using a passive acoustic system to study savanna chimpanzees at Ugalla, Western Tanzania. American Journal of Physical Anthropology.  Suppl. 44: 189.

Pruetz, J. (2002). Competition between savanna chimpanzees and humans in southeastern Senegal. American Journal of Physical Anthropology.  Suppl. 38: 128.

Pruetz, J. D. (2005). Cave use by wild savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Senegal: behavioral adaptation to heat stress? American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Suppl. 40:168.

Pruetz, J. D. (2006). Feeding ecology of savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal.

Pruetz, J. D. (2007). Evidence of cave use by savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal: implications for thermoregulatory behavior. Primates 48(4): 316-319.

Pruetz, J. D. and J. L. Marshack (2009). Savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) prey on Patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) at Fongoli, Senegal. Pan Africa News 16(2): Unpaginated.

Pruetz, J. D. and P. Bertolani (2007). Savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) hunt with tools. Current Biology 17(5): 412-417.

Pruetz, J. D. and P. Bertolani (2009). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) behavioral responses to stresses associated with living in a savanna-mosaic environment: implications for hominin adaptations to open habitats. Paleoanthropology 2009: 252-262.

Pruetz, J. D. and T. C. LaDuke (2010). Brief Communication: Reaction to Fire by Savanna Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal: Conceptualization of Fire Behavior and the Case for a Chimpanzee Model. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 141(4): 646-650.

Pruetz, J. D., C. A. Tourkakis, et al. (2009).  Locomotion, posture and substrate use by West African chimpanzees  (Pan troglodytes verus) in the savannna environment of Fongoli, Senegal. American Journal of Primatology 71: 90-90.

Pruetz, J. D., L. F. Marchant, et al. (2002). Survey of savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in southeastern Senegal.  American Journal of Primatology 58(1): 35-43.

Pruetz, J. D., S. J. Fulton, et al. (2008). Arboreal nesting as anti-predator adaptation by savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in southeastern Senegal. American Journal of Primatology 70(4): 393-401.

Pruetz, J. D., W. C. McGrew, et al. (2001). Status of the savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Mont Assirik in Pare National du Niokolo Koba and in adjacent areas in southeastern Senegal. American Journal of Physical Anthropology.  Suppl. 31: 121.

Schoeninger, M. J., J. Moore, et al. (1999). Subsistence strategies of two savanna chimpanzee populations: The stable isotope evidence. American Journal of Primatology 49(4): 297-314.

Sept, J. M. (1992).  Was there no place like home?  A  new perspective on early hominid archaeological sites from the mapping of chimpanzee nests.  Current Anthropology 33(2): 187-207.

Sponheimer, M., J. E. Loudon, et al. (2006). Do savanna chimpanzees consume C-4 resources? Journal of Human Evolution 51(2): 128-133.

Tsukahara, T. (1993).  Lions eat chimpanzees:  first evidence of predation by lions on wild chimpanzees.  American Journal of Primatology 29(1): 1-11.

Tutin, C. E. G. (1999). Fragmented living: Behavioural ecology of primates in a forest fragment in the Lope Reserve, Gabon. Primates 40(1): 249-265.

Tutin, C. E. G., L. J. T. White, et al. (1997). The use by rain forest mammals of natural forest fragments in an equatorial African savanna. Conservation Biology 11(5): 1190-1203.

Tutin, C. E. G., W. C. McGrew, et al. (1983).  Social organization of savanna dwelling chimpanzees ( (Pan troglodytes verus) at Mount Assirik, Senegal. Primates 24(2): 154-173.

Webster, T. H., L.F. Marchant, W.C. McGrew, C.L.R. Payne and K.D. Hunt.  P. R. Hodson, and K.D. Hunt (2009).  Semliki Chimpanzees Do Eat Insects.  Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.  Suppl. 48: 268.

Webster, T. H., P. R. Hodson, and K.D. Hunt (2009).  Grooming hand-clasp by chimpanzees of the Mugiri community, Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda." Pan Africa News 16(1): Unpaginated.